Observational Learning of Violent Behavior Essay - 837 Words

Today violence has become an every day experience in life. Playing video games or turning on the television, and flipping through the channels at random, you will most likely stumble upon various forms of violence. Does it desensitize or help us tolerate violence? And the most controversial issue, does it cause violence? Most humans learn by simply watching, and then imitating the action rather than trial and error or direct experiences of the consequences of our actions (this is not to say that watching and imitating is the only way of learning). This method of learning is called observational learning. The highly recognized psychologist with observational learning is Albert Bandura. Bandura’s theory states that observational learning†¦show more content†¦The room was also equipped with a one-way window so the child could be observed without their acknowledgement. The experiment showed that the consequences in the films that the children observed in the ending, created a different outcome. The children who witnessed the film were the adult was rewarded was most likely to repeat or imitate the aggressive behavior toward the Bobo doll. In the situation of the other children who watched the adult being punished for their aggressive behavior, the children were less likely to recreate the aggressive behavior towards the Bobo doll. After the findings Bandura added to the experiment. The children who watched any of the three films were asked to recreate what the adult did in the film. Each imitation the child recreated correctly, they were rewarded with candy and stickers. Virtually all the children were capable of recreating all actions, aggressive or non-aggressive. The different variations of the films the children watched had no impact on them. In conclusion to Bandura’s experiment, you are capable of imitating any behavior, aggressive or non-aggressive, but you are more likely to imitate if there is expectation of any type of reward. Another experiment to study the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive behavior was created by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill. In this experiment there were two games chosen, Wolfenstein 3D, a violent video game in which your goalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Young Children1742 Words   |  7 Pages Observational Learning the Young Child Luciana D. Lavilaire Florida International University Prof. Marie Daurel - P. 1 Abstract This paper intends to bring awareness to the harmful effects of the media on young children. Through this paper, I will investigate the claim that television promotes observational learning. I will describe the obscenities the media exposes to children. With that, I will explain how the media causes aggression in consumers, especially those of youth. ThisRead MoreMedia Violence And Aggressive Behavior986 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia forms, many of which have high levels of violent content. Nowadays, just by clicking on the screen, children observe tons of news regarding to murders, beatings and sexual assaults. Eron and his colleagues conducted the research show that before finishing the elementary school, the child would have witnessed 8000 murders (Eron, 1993). Other media such as movies, video game, the Internet seems to be effective methods of informal observational learning and also correlate with youth exposed to violenceRead MoreSocial Psychological Theory of Aggression Essay5 95 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Psychological Theory of Aggression The social learning theory is learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in others. Although observational learning can take place at any stage in life, it is thought to be particularly important during childhood, particularly as authority becomes important. Because of this, social learning theory has influenced debates on the effect of television violence and parental role modelsRead MoreI m First Here About Ainslie Rachlin Model1337 Words   |  6 Pageschange. My final would be a great example to talk about when it comes to procrastination! Now, here I am doing my final on Wednesday night at 10:43 p.m. I’m first going to speak about Ainslie-Rachlin model and how if I had applied this model to my behavior, I wouldn’t be in this predicament right now. Ainslie-Rachlin: focuses on the fact that the preference between smaller sooner and larger later rewards can shift over time (Powell). With the Ainslie-Rachlin model, it’s described as the shift changeRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games991 Words   |  4 Pagesare always called into question, especially when it features violent or mature content. However, this debate has become even more centered on video games as â€Å"the shift toward gaming has resulted in a concomitant decrease in time spent watching television or movies† (Entertainment Software Association, 2015). In 2016, â€Å"shooter† videos games were the top grossing video games according to research firm NPD, this makes it evident that violent games appeal to gamers. The question everyone, especially parentsRead MoreBandura s Theory Of The Social Learning Theory952 Words   |  4 Pageswho is the creator of the social learning theory, suggest that individuals learn by examining others. Bandura’s theory is conceivably one of the most instrumental theory regarding learning and development. Bandura’s approach to the social learning theory is that we learn by observing and modeling the actions of those who are close to us. Bandura also suggested that our internal feelings and perceptions helps us to learn through our cognitive behavior. Social learning additionally shows that individualsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Social Learning Theory1339 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bandura a Canadian psychologist that was curious to know whether or not h umans learn through the actions of others (Berk, 2013, p.14). The social learning theory brings up the question whether, playing violent video games or watching violent films can provoke being violent. Charles Darwin a British naturalist observed an endless change among animal species and plants. He noticed, it’s impossible for an animal to be completely identical as another animal of the same species. Darwin found thatRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages2010 Exam 3 essay I. Stimulus control is the process where a stimulus increases the probability of a behavior by reinforcing the desired behavior in the presence of the stimulus. Throughout chapters eight and nine in â€Å"Learning and Behavior†, examples of Stimulus Control, and how one learns to Generalize and Discriminate in the real world are provided. Topics such as verbal behavior, self, animal training, and TV and violence are discussed. â€Å"The traditional view of language is that wordsRead MoreThe social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become one of the most influential2500 Words   |  10 PagesThe social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become one of the most influential theories of learning and behaviour. The theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as social learning theory or modeling, this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors. The social learning theory does not explain all learning and behaviour, it fails to account for biological and innate behaviours suchRead MoreThere Are Many Types Of Conditioning That People Used To1427 Words   |  6 Pagesoperant conditioning. And the last type of conditioning is vicarious conditioning / Observational Learning. These are the 3 main types of conditioning that we use in are daily life. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one of the most basic forms of learning that we use today. You can see it being used in things like pet training to teaching kids how to do something. The term classical conditioning means â€Å"learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex –like response to a stimulus other than the

A Crisis of Faith in Salvation, by Langston Hughes and...

In ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ by Langston Hughes and ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ by Nathaniel Hawthorne there is a crisis of faith was present in both stories. Although both of the stories are very similar, they also are very different, too. In both stories, the main character experiences a loss of innocence through a faith crisis. The outcome of the loss of innocence in ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ was both positive and negative and in ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ entirely negative. The faith crisis affected the way Goodman Brown and Langston reacted to their experience. The crisis of faith in ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ and ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ was due to the outcome and the factors that influence the loss of innocence. In ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ the loss of innocence was due to the†¦show more content†¦Goodman Brown realizes ï ¿ ½There is no good on earth; and sin is but name. Come, devil; for to thee is the world givenï ¿ ½ (Hawthorne 167). In contrary to Young Goodman Brown, the lost of innocence in ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ was due to the loss of faith and social pressures. Langston was pressured into being saved by his aunt because she felt it was the right thing for young Langston to do, and all the other young children were being saved. Langston aunt told him, ï ¿ ½when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on!ï ¿ ½ (Hughes 330). He believes his aunt and most of all he wanted to see the light All the young people, but Langston and Westley, in the church went to the alter to be saved. After unsuccessful waiting and hoping to see Jesus, Westley pretended to see the light, went to the alter, got save, leaving poor Langston alone. Langston decided after the congregation sung and prayed for him over and over, that he would pretend to have seen the light and go get saved. With good intention, ï ¿ ½ I [Langston] decided that maybe to save further tr ouble, Iï ¿ ½d lie, too, and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be savedï ¿ ½ (Hughes 331). He thought that no one would ever know. He pretended to see the light and was saved. Later, that night he began to cry while lying in his bed. His aunt thought it was because he had seen Jesus. In

English Pronoun Chart and Exercises Free Essays

Subject Pronouns – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they- function as the subject of a sentence: I live in New York. Do you like playing tennis? He doesn’t want to come this evening Object Pronouns – me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them- serve as the object of a verb. Give me the book. We will write a custom essay sample on English Pronoun Chart and Exercises or any similar topic only for you Order Now He told you to come tonight. She asked him to help. Possessive Pronouns – mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs- show that something belongs to someone. Note that the possessive pronouns are similar to possessive adjectives (my, his, her). The difference is that the object follows the possessive adjective but does not follow the possessive pronoun.For example – Possessive Pronoun: That book is mine. – Possessive Adjective: That is my book. That house is mine. This is hers. those seats are yours Demonstrative Pronouns – this, that, these, those refer to things. ‘this’ and ‘these’ refer to something that is near. ‘that’ and ‘those’ refer to things that are farther away. This is my house. That is our car . These are my colleagues . Those are beautiful flowers. A. __Use the correct personal pronouns.Watch the words in brackets. Example: ___ often reads books. (Lisa) Answer: She often reads books. 1) ___is dreaming. (George) 2) ___ is green. (the blackboard) ) ___ are on the wall. (the posters) 4) ___ is running. (the dog) 5) ___are watching TV. (my mother and I) 6) ___ are in the garden. (the flowers) 7) ___ is riding his bike. (Tom) 8) ___ is from Bristol. (Victoria) 9) ___has got a brother. (Diana) 10) Have___ got a computer, Mandy? B. __Choose the correct objective pronouns . Example: I have got a sister. ___ name is Susan. Answer: I have got a sister. Her name is Susan. Hi Daniel, ___ name is John. This is ___ friend Jason. He’s 12. ___sister is nine. ___ pet is a budgie. ___name is Dickens. Jason and I go to the same school. There are 450 boys and girls in ___ school.Jason’s form teacher is Mrs. Peterson. She has got a pet, too. ___pet is a tortoise. Our form teacher is Mr. Smith. I like ___lessons. He has two dogs. The dogs love to play in ___ garden. Now I have a question for you. What’s ___ pet? Yours, John C. __Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns. This book is (you) . The ball is (I) . The blue car is (we) . The ring is (she) . We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) . The luggage is (he) . The pictures are (she) . In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) . This cat is (we) . This was not my fault. It was (you) . How to cite English Pronoun Chart and Exercises, Papers

Here I Stand Book Review free essay sample

The content of this paper is a review of the book on the life of Martin Luther written by Roland H. Bainton entitled Here I Stand. Bainton describes the life of this humble Augustinian monk who revolutionized religion unintentionally. In his text, Bainton provides a vivid portrayal of the historical settings, supporting characters, and the events that shaped the Reformation movement of the sixteenth century. As a biographer, he does not create a character that is flawless or larger than life; rather, he accurately portrays a man that changed the world in the midst of self-doubt and inner struggles within his own spiritual and personal life. Bainton quotes Luther, â€Å"Faith is a living, restless thing. It cannot be inoperative. We are not saved by works; but if there be no works, there must be something amiss with faith. † Luther’s reformation works began as an innocent objection to the evils as he perceived them in the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy when he nailed those objections; the now infamous Ninety-Five Thesis, to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on Here I Stand Book Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The resultant fervor propelled this monumental figure to the forefront of what would become known as the Reformation. Bainton paints the life and times of Luther vividly as being complex, tumultuous, and at times even transitioning from horror to humor. The first part of the book deals with Luther’s days as a university student turned monk after his encounter with a bolt of lightning. Bainton chronologically weaves a tapestry of Luther’s personal crisis of faith, his tormented bouts of depression and psychotic taunts with demonic forces. The latter half of the book is devoted to the development of his theology that ultimately leads him to break from Rome. Bainton states of Luther, â€Å"A loyal son of the Catholic Church, he was later to shatter the structure of medieval Catholicism. A devoted servant of the pope, he was later to identify the popes with Antichrist. † The process that led to Luther’s development of his theology Bainton describes as gradual. He describes it as an inner storm, an upheaval not unlike the first storm that drove Luther to monasticism in the first place. One vendor of indulgences that particularly irritated Luther was the Dominican Tetzel. He was quoted to have said concerning his indulgences that they had the power, â€Å"†¦[to] absolve a man even if he had violated the mother of God. † Tetzel’s clamor was, â€Å"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. † Luther penned his ninety-five theses and other books and tracts soon followed condemning the practices of the Roman church. Bainton recounts the contents of these writings and the subsequent rebuttals and edicts issued from the church that led to a back and forth between the church and the German state as to who would actually deal with Luther, this led to the Diet of Worms. It was at this hearing that Luther was asked to recant his writings to which he replied after some delay, â€Å"†¦I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen† Bainton adds that to these words were added when printed, â€Å"Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. † Bainton uses the remainder of the book covering Luther’s exile, his subsequent ministry, and aspects of his personal life including his marriage. If there were a downside to the text it would be the brevity with which Bainton dealt with Luther’s treatment of the Anabaptists and the Jews. This era of Luther’s life was controversial and Bainton touches on it with almost the air of avoiding criticism. Luther in later years is quoted as saying, â€Å"The true Christian pilgrimage is not to Rome or Compostela, but to the prophets, the Psalms, and the Gospels. † This book depicts a man who was used of God to reform the church to the Word of God alone, to faith alone in Christ, by grace alone.

Palazzo Ruccelai Essays - Leon Battista Alberti,

Palazzo Ruccelai The Palazzo Ruccelai was one of the first works by Leon Battista Alberti. He was an Italian architect, architectural theorist, and universal genius. Albert was the most important early Renaissance architect after Filippo Brunelleschi (Gympel, 44). The Palazzo originated in Florence. The monumental private building is derived from palatium. This Latin word comes from the Roman hill which Emperor Augustus and his successors lived. During the 13th and 14th centuries, many of Italian towns were destroyed during the power struggles. This explains why the exterior of the Early Renaissance palaces were dark, defensive, raw and uninvited (Gympel, 44). Construction on the Palazzo Ruccelai began somewhere between 1455 and 1460. Leon Batista Alberti designed the original Palace to have five bays, the center being where the door was located. Later on, two more bays were added by someone else (class notes 1/19/00). There are three stories on this building. Each story is equal in height and rustication is uniform. This evenness is what gives the Renaissance its name. Most buildings made at this time have similar attributes. Each story has its own column capital to it. The ground floor has the Tucson order, the middle floor has Alberti's own design, and the top floor has the Corinthian order. I thought in Leon Battista Alberti's treaty, The Ten Books of Architecture, I would find out what each of the column capitals meant to him, but all I could find is dimension requirements for each order. The Colosseum has similarities with the Palazzo Ruccelai also. I believe some of Alberti's ideas came from at least the columns. It has a similar placement of the columns. They both have the Tucson order on the ground story, and the Corinthian on the top story. Where the Palazzo Ruccelai has the composite though, the Colosseum has the Ionic (Kostof 207). I wish I could find what was on the inside of this building. This could have some importance in the placement of the columns, but I came up empty. The exterior gives no consideration to what is inside the Palazzo Ruccelai. Each window is the same, except for the two over the doors, which I could only think are used to emphasize the entry into the Palazzo. The Palazzo Ruccelai is a building that can continue to grow, as it has. It started with the original five bays, and two and a half more were added. If there was enough space, even more could be added. The last bay not being completed gives some indication of how this building can continue to grow. The Palazzo Ruccelai is a very simply building. Everything is equal. Measurements would be simple because everything is similar in design and dimension. I wish there was more information on the Palazzo Ruccelai. I believe this is a very interesting building. Even though the last bay is incomplete, I believe it gives it a very unique quality. Bibliography Alberti, Leon Battista. The Ten Books of Archtecture. 1755. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1986 Gympel, Jan. The Story of Archtecture: From Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge: Goodfellow & Egan, 1996. Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architeture: Settings and Rituals. 2nd Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Palazzo Ruccelai Essays - Leon Battista Alberti, Palazzo Ruccelai The Palazzo Ruccelai was one of the first works by Leon Battista Alberti. He was an Italian architect, architectural theorist, and universal genius. Albert was the most important early Renaissance architect after Filippo Brunelleschi (Gympel, 44). The Palazzo originated in Florence. The monumental private building is derived from palatium. This Latin word comes from the Roman hill which Emperor Augustus and his successors lived. During the 13th and 14th centuries, many of Italian towns were destroyed during the power struggles. This explains why the exterior of the Early Renaissance palaces were dark, defensive, raw and uninvited (Gympel, 44). Construction on the Palazzo Ruccelai began somewhere between 1455 and 1460. Leon Batista Alberti designed the original Palace to have five bays, the center being where the door was located. Later on, two more bays were added by someone else (class notes 1/19/00). There are three stories on this building. Each story is equal in height and rustication is uniform. This evenness is what gives the Renaissance its name. Most buildings made at this time have similar attributes. Each story has its own column capital to it. The ground floor has the Tucson order, the middle floor has Alberti's own design, and the top floor has the Corinthian order. I thought in Leon Battista Alberti's treaty, The Ten Books of Architecture, I would find out what each of the column capitals meant to him, but all I could find is dimension requirements for each order. The Colosseum has similarities with the Palazzo Ruccelai also. I believe some of Alberti's ideas came from at least the columns. It has a similar placement of the columns. They both have the Tucson order on the ground story, and the Corinthian on the top story. Where the Palazzo Ruccelai has the composite though, the Colosseum has the Ionic (Kostof 207). I wish I could find what was on the inside of this building. This could have some importance in the placement of the columns, but I came up empty. The exterior gives no consideration to what is inside the Palazzo Ruccelai. Each window is the same, except for the two over the doors, which I could only think are used to emphasize the entry into the Palazzo. The Palazzo Ruccelai is a building that can continue to grow, as it has. It started with the original five bays, and two and a half more were added. If there was enough space, even more could be added. The last bay not being completed gives some indication of how this building can continue to grow. The Palazzo Ruccelai is a very simply building. Everything is equal. Measurements would be simple because everything is similar in design and dimension. I wish there was more information on the Palazzo Ruccelai. I believe this is a very interesting building. Even though the last bay is incomplete, I believe it gives it a very unique quality. Bibliography Alberti, Leon Battista. The Ten Books of Archtecture. 1755. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1986 Gympel, Jan. The Story of Archtecture: From Antiquity to the Present. Cambridge: Goodfellow & Egan, 1996. Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architeture: Settings and Rituals. 2nd Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

ramayana essays

ramayana essays The poetic author, Valmiki, does not calls Rama the perfect man in his well known tale of Ramayana for no reason. For this story has been a legendary epic that many generations of the Hindu culture have been modeling their society after, for over two thousand years. It has been an influential teaching for children and scholars of all ages because of its simplicity and exemplary concepts and virtues of the Hindu people. From childhood most Indians learn the characters and incidents of this epic and they furnish the morals, ideals and wisdom of common life. This epic helps to bind together the many peoples of India, transcending caste, distance and language by showing all the perfect way to practice dharma throughout one's life. As will be explored in this essay, one can derive many of the virtues of the Hindu culture and religion such as perfectionism, honesty, order, obedience and respect, and active asceticism through warfare. All these characteristics make a human being perfect and are achieved through the practice of dharma, as explicitly shown by the main character of Ramayana - Rama. Warfare is used in the Ramayana to express the ideas of dharma which is associated with Hinduism. In the Ramayana, warfare plays the role of religion and society. Rama lived his entire life in an exemplary manner - by the rules of dharma. When Rama was a young boy, he was the perfect son. Later he was an ideal husband to his faithful wife, Sita, and finally a responsible ruler of Aydohya. The first example of obedience and respect displayed by Rama is vivid when the news of his banishment, enforced by his own parents, are brought to him. He handles the situation with remarkably patient and wise attitude and says to his stepmother, "I gladly obey father's command ...Why, I would go even if you ordered it." By doing this and not fighting, he shows characteristics of great piety to his parents and the lack of desire to be a powerful and...

Language and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Language and Culture - Essay Example Both Tan and Rodriguez had to fight with their internal struggles; their desire for speaking their native language and the need to speak the language of the society they lived in. The major difference between them was in their perceptions of the significance of preserving their family language. The titles chosen by both writers for their stories also define their feelings. Tan names her story â€Å"Mother Tongue† which has a more emotional feel to it, whereas Rodriguez opts for a more straightforward title of â€Å"Aria: Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood† in which you can’t really feel emotion but the story does explain all his feelings and the emotion is built as the story progresses. It is a recollection of various memories that convey Rodriguez’s point of view. Tan and Rodriguez realize the intimacy of their native language at different times of their lives. During her talk on her book â€Å"Joy Luck Club†, her mother was sitting in the audience. At that time she realized that the way she used English language was different depending on who she was talking to. At home she used a broken form of the language whereas for the society she preferred more formal English. She concluded that it had become a language of intimacy, different English for the family which was a language she had grown up with. Tan understands that she never lost the importance of the family language and the role it had played in her life, as she says â€Å"it can evoke an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth† (Tan, 431). On the other hand Rodriguez realized the role of his family language when he was much younger. Like Tan his identity also altered as he stepped inside his home. When his mother used to call out to him in Spanish he felt at home and his mother’s words would comfort him. He felt sure of his family identity and feared the language of the society. Rodriguez unlike Tan lost this feeling of intimacy early in life. Both the writers felt guilt when they averred a discriminating identity towards their family. The reason they did that was both their parents could not speak English properly. Tan describes her mother’s English as very ‘limited’. It was this broken language that limited Tan’s perception of her mother. She uses words such as â€Å"broken† and â€Å"fractured† to explain her mother’s English which shows that she is very ashamed by it. Tan believed that the quality of her mother’s English was directly related to the quality of what she said and this must reflect badly on her. She could not express her thoughts perfectly thus making her thoughts imperfect as well. Her beliefs were reinforced by the way people used to treat her mother. T an states plenty of empirical evidence in her story. She wrote that people in stores, restaurants, banks did not give importance to her; sometimes they would even ignore her, pretending that they did not hear her. Rodriguez writes about similar situations; he too was embarrassed of his parents when they spoke the language of the society. It would make him feel that his parents were not powerful and could not protect him. He also supports his feelings with the society’s behavior towards his parents. Rodriguez uses a strong language and some Spanish words as well including â€Å"gringo† and â€Å"pocho†. Both Tan and Rodriguez understood later in life how very wrong they were about their parents, at one point Tan said â€Å"my mother's English is perfectly clear. ... It's my mother

Web Server Hacking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Web Server Hacking - Research Paper Example To add to the attraction and profitability of these hacking attacks is the proliferation of insecure web applications (Zachary, 2006). These attacks on computer systems with negative intent are not new. They go as far back as the eighties when hackers used their skills to break into computer systems and perform their illegal activities. The advent of web based applications, though, has led to the increase of sophistication in hacking attacks. The skill required to perform these attacks, on the other hand has lessened proportionately. In order to understand the need for security in one’s computer system, he or she should realize the risks involved. Most operating systems have a default configuration that is not designed with security as the chief focus. The default setup, instead, focus on functionality, communications and usability. There is therefore a need to understand the server vulnerabilities in a system in order to perform particular functions to improve security (Leyde n, 2002). It is hence clear that web server hacking is an important topic that should be evaluated in detail and understood by users of computer systems. When one tries to break into or use a computer system wrongly, he or she is considered an intruder. ‘Using wrongly’ is not a restricted term and can be used to represent an act of stealing confidential information or a minor offense of just misusing one’s email for spam (Zachary, 2006). Presently, more people both through the internet and corporate intranets are continuously attempting to test the various systems’ security. The motive differs in every instance but revenge and stealing for profit are some of the motives driving intruders. ‘Hacker’ and ‘attacker’ are the two terms that are used in describing a person who tries to get into networks and systems. An individual that likes to get into their computer system

The Buffalo Soldier Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Buffalo Soldier - Essay Example It was within this particular cauldron of hostile activity that the 9th and the 10th regiment would prove their mettle. Although there is no clear agreement with regards to where the term â€Å"Buffalo Soldiers† came from, it has been surmised that this was a term bequeathed to these regiments by the flows they so often fought. One particular account states the fact that after an attack by Cheyenne braves, attacked a contingent of hunters that were being protected by two members of the 10th regiment (Renard 707). The attack lasted for well over an hour with over 70 Cheyenne warriors seeking to kill both the hunters and their military escort. However, regardless of how hard they tried, the members from the 10th regiment fought valiantly and refuse to give up even in the face of overwhelming seemingly hopeless odds. Ultimately, one of the soldiers which is been described within the previous story, suffered from a bullet learned to his shoulder and up to 11 lance wins over his en tire body; nonetheless, he fought on with nothing short of a pistol and his saber. It is without question that due to this level of heroism, the renowned to which both enemy and friend alike the stowed upon the African-American soldier within the United States Army was born (Schubert 1219). Moreover, from such a interaction, it is oftentimes said that the Cheyenne warriors, upon returning to their tribe, noted that they had faced a soldier unlike any they had ever faced before; one that fought like a buffalo. However the term was coined, the name stuck in Buffalo soldiers were from then on used as a synonym for African-American soldier serving United States Army specifically black regiments. Perhaps even more importantly from historical and civil rights...From the brief analysis that has thus far been presented, the reader can see and understand why the actions that were undertaken by the 9th and 10th cavalry units earned such a monumental degree of renowned. Ultimately, yonder mere ly fighting for their country and exhibiting extraordinary gallantry and bravery in the face of oftentimes seemingly insurmountable odds, the Buffalo soldiers were able to prove to their military counterparts, as well as many individuals within society, that the African-American citizen was every bit as talented, gallant, intelligent, and determined as his white counterpart. Unfortunately, it would take another nearly 100 years in order to see African-American and white society integrate; however, the Buffalo soldiers and their sacrifices were in importance that healing post-war scar and moving the United States military in a more progressive and realistic direction.

Cut throat competition in business

Cut throat competition in business In this world of cut throat competition one of the most important aspects in business is marketing. The principal motto of marketing is to promote and secure the reputation of the product and the services, so that the market would recognize, acknowledge and accept the products and services. The production and distribution of goods and services is directly proportional to the quality of its marketing. The better and innovative the marketing strategy, the better is the goods and services distribution. So, then it is no wonder that businesses are hunting and scouring like anything for unconventional and off-the-wall marketing tactics. Organizations these days can choose from an assortment of marketing and sales strategies. The goal here is to make the buyers market aware of their products and services. One of the most cost effective , productive and fruitful ways of marketing these days is online marketing such as blogging and pay-per-click ads. These online marketing blogs not only make it feasible for the masses to be informed , enlightened, and educated about the motley of products and services that they can profit from but also make them more researchable and conceivable. Thus, in order to be discovered and consequently remain in the public memory, investing in marketing becomes indispensable for the company or the business. Another online marketing technique extensively used these days is affiliate marketing. Affiliate marketing entails advertising or broadcasting the product or service online , wherein, the advertisers and the broadcasters ( i.e. the business persons who have to sell their products and services ) remunerate publishers and promoters ( i.e. the nonpartisan groups willing to publicize and promote the goods and services offered by a business person on their web site.) these advertisers pay only if the promotion leads to a deal or a transaction. Which implies that if the publisher wishes to be remunerated in a generous and handsome manner his/her marketing should be strong and effective enough to induce the visitor to make a purchase or at least fill in a form. The business persons here to trade and sell their products and services are known as â€Å"the affiliate merchants †and the parties volunteering to publicize and promote their goods and services are known as â€Å"the affilia tes† . http://www.cj.com/about/affiliate_marketing.html The merits and benefits of affiliate marketing are numerous. Affiliate marketing has led to the growth and rise of umpteen online businesses and companies, including the likes of amazon.com. the income prospects associated with affiliate markets are great and lucrative. . All one has to do is add more and more websites and advertise a potpourri of goods and services on their respective affiliate programs to reap maximum benefits. The best thing about affiliate marketing is that it allows you to be your own master. You hold the reins to your work and career , in that , you get to choose when to work , with whom to work , which product is to be promoted etc. to add to all these benefits one also gets to work from his/her home. In the best top ten affiliate marketing companies chart 2010, the top slot is occupied by Experience Advertising of Florida u.s.a . Experience Advertising boasts of more than 50 active clients and is the proud affiliate marketer of companies having illustrious reputation like BistroMD.com, Babytobee.com, Thenerds.net, Date.com etc. and has a very impressive client retention rate of 99%. Founded in the year 2007 Experience Advertisings core practice areas are affiliate marketing, social media optimization and content creation. With only 1-10 , well trained, full time employees having intimate knowledge of online marketing Experience Advertising generated a humongous revenue of $ 1 million $ 2,999,999. what makes Experience Advertising so successful are the prolific and intellectually productive services it provides like active affiliate managers, free site and blog building, regular account management and newsletters and banners of the highest quality. http://www.topseos.com/experience-advertising MARKETING CORP another affiliate marketing company coming up , in the image of Experience Advertising , intends to provide exceptional affiliate marketing services. MARKETING CORP will broadcast and advertise the web sites of product owners through Google advertisement. Like Experience Advertising , MARKETING CORP will endeavor to build relations with its affiliates on a personal level.. our amiable affiliate handlers have consummate knowledge of HTML, social media, SEO, link building , PPC management and article marketing strategies. We intend to serve our affiliates by providing all the tools , resources and assistance required to increase the likelihood of a greater revenue production. Whether you are a beginner or a virtuoso we can always help you better your prospects. One of Experience Advertisings most successful and demanded free tool is the Content Request Tool, which will also be provided by MARKETING CORPS. This tool permits the affiliate to ask for and choose between a singular article, for which they will decide the title, or a distinctive merchant review. Customers need not worry about the cost of these outstanding services because MARKETING CORP wont charge anything for any service it provides. The company has on its team some very skilled writers who will write articles and reviews for their customers. Another tool regarded with great favor by the general public is the free site/ blog building tool which builds a site online for its customer in minutes. MARKETING CORPS will also provide newsletters and banners of very high quality. The designs , patterns and emblems offered by MARKETING CORPS are professional and seemly . also, MARKETING CORPS will , just like Experience Advertising, design sites and landing pages for its customers for free. MARKETING CORPS will constantly work to improve its designs because they in turn improve the performance of the online company, as many online marketing gurus will say. Similarly when it comes to daily account management MARKETING CORPS, like Experience advertising , will make sure that online company customers will not have to stand by for examination , assessment and sanction. To ensure the satisfaction of its customers MARKETING CORPS will make it a point to assess and approve the online companies it serves many times a day, everyday. Answer ing emails without delay will also be a part of daily account management. In order to build and maintain long lasting affiliate relationships MARKETING CORPS will receive calls and answer queries even at night and also on weekends , because like its role model Experience Advertising , MARKETING CORPS also believes that affiliate marketing is a 24/7 job. Furthermore , MARKETING CORPS will also provide Paid Search Management services which is the most demanded marketing instrument on the net. MARKETING CORPS keeps in mind that the needs and requirements of each and every company is different. What suits one company might not suit other companies. MARKETING CORPS will therefore do a thorough research and learn all about your business ventures before coming up with its designs and plans. Like Experience Advertising MARKETING CORPS also believes in breaking down , dissecting and scrutinizing even the most productive and fruitful campaigns. These ideas and campaigns are then modified , honed and perfected from time to time. Thus MARKETING CORPS will bring to its online companies and businesses the expertise , skills , knowledge and experience of its affiliate managers who are all well recognized in the industry .

Red Scare :: essays research papers

Analysis of the Red Scare "The tumult and the shouting dies, The captains and the kings depart." -Kipling, The Recessional Mr. Kipling was wrong. War does not always end with the last cry on the battlefield. World War I certainly did not. After the war formally ended on November 18, 1918, there was an ideological war still going on in the US. An ideological war which prompted mass paranoia and caused, among many other things, what would be known as the Red Scare, which began in 1919 and ended in 1921. Red Scare was the label given to the actions of legislation, the race riots, and the hatred and persecution of "subversives" and conscientious objectors during that period of time. It is this hysteria which would find itself repeated several decades later in history when Senator Joeseph R. Macarthy accused high government officials and high standing military officers of being communist. Undoubtedly the most important topic of an investigation into a historical occurrence is its inception. What caused the Red Scare? At the heart of the Red Scare was the conscription law of May 18, 1917, which was put in place during World War I for the armed forces to be able to conscript more Americans. This law caused many problems for the conscientious objector to WWI, because for one to claim that status, one had to be a member of a "well-recognized" religious organization which forbade their members to participation in war. did Quaker relief work in Europe. 500 suffered court-martial, and out As a result of such unyeilding legislation, 20,000 conscientious objectors were inducted into the armed forces. Out of these 20,000, 16,000 changed their minds when they reached military camps, 1300 went to non-combat units, 1200 gained furloughs to do farm work, and 100 of these, 450 went to prison. However, these numbers are small in comparison with the 170,000 draft dodgers and 2,810,296 men who were inducted into the armed forces. Nevertheless, the conscientious objectors were targeted in the Red Scare after the war. They were condemned as cowards, pro-German socialists, although that was not everything. They were also accused of spreading propaganda throughout the United States. Very few conscientious objectors stood up for themselves. Roderick Siedenberg, who was a conscientious objector, wrote that "to steal, rape, or murder" are standard peacetime causes for imprisonment, but in time of war "too firm a belief in the words of Christ", and "too ardent a faith in the brotherhood of man" are more acceptable.

Pestel Analysis of Coca Cola

Discuss the PESTEL changes of an organization over the last decade. PESTEL Analysis for Coke Coca-Cola, the largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of beverage concentrates and syrups in the world. Coca-Cola is recognized as the world’s most valuable brand. They market four of the world’s top five non-alcoholic sparkling brands, including diet and light beverages, mineral water, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, teas, coffees and energy and sport drinks. Through the world’s largest beverage distribution system, consumers in more than 200 countries enjoy the company’s beverages at a rate of approximately 1. billion servings each day. The Company generates revenues, income and cash flows by selling beverage concentrates and syrups as well as finished beverages. [pic] Even Coca Cola, the worlds’ largest beverage company has to consider about their macro environment and its opportunities and threats. They too have to analyze their Politic al, Economical, Social Environment and Legal Factors in order to catch up with the fast changing world. Political Analysis Non-alcoholic beverages fall within the food category under the FDA. The government plays a role within the operation of manufacturing these products in terms of regulations. There are potential fines set by the government on companies if they do not meet a standard of laws. The following are some of the factors that could cause Coca-Cola Company’s actual results to differ materially from the expected results describes in their underlying company’s forward statement:- Changes in laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements, (including tax rate changes, new tax laws and revised ax law interpretations) and environmental laws in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. Changes in the non-alcoholic business environment. These include, without limitation, competitive product and pricing pressures and their ability to gain or maintain share of sales in the global market as a result of action by competitors. Political conditions, especially in international markets, including civil unrest, government changes and restriction on the ability to transfer capital across borders. Their ability to penetrate developing and emerging markets, which also depends on economic and political conditions, and how well they are able to acquire or form strategic business alliances with local bottlers and make necessary infrastructure enhancements to production facilities, distribution networks, sales equipment and technology. A threat that the Coca-Cola Company had to face recently due to the changes in the political factors was the War against Iraq made USA and UK very unpopular in Middle East as well as in other Muslim countries. Because Coca-Cola is known as the very American company, this had a huge effect on the sales of its products. Economical Analysis Last year the US economy was strong and nearly every part of it was growing and doing well. However, things changed. Most economists loosely define a recession as two consecutive quarters of contraction, or negative GDP growth. In 2008, we are witnessing a global economic crisis which was suggested by several important indicators of economic downtown worldwide. These included high oil prices, which led to both high food prices (due to a dependence of food production on petroleum, as well as using food crop products such as ethanol as an alternative to petroleum) and global inflation; a substantial credit crisis leading to the bankruptcy of large and well established investment banks as well as commercial banks in various nations around the world; increased unemployment; and the possibility of a global recession. As the inflation rate grows higher and higher, consumer buying power will represent a key threat in the industry. The rivalry between Pepsi and Coke has produce a very slow moving industry in which management must continuously respond to the changing attitudes and demands of their consumers or face losing market share to the competition. In addition, consumers can easily switch to the other beverages with little cost or consequence. Social Analysis Many people nowadays are practicing healthier lifestyles. This has affected the non-alcoholic beverage industry in that many are switching to bottled water and diet colas instead of beer and other alcoholic beverages. The need for bottled water and other more convenient and healthy products are in important in the average day-to-day life. Possible substitutes that continuously put pressure on Coke include tea, coffee, juices, milk and hot chocolate. Consumers from the ages of 37 to 55 are also increasingly concerned with nutrition. There is a large population of the age range known as the baby boomers. Since many are reaching an older age in life they are becoming more concerned with increasing their longevity. This will continue to affect the non-alcoholic beverage industry by increasing the demand overall and in the healthier beverages. Increasing awareness among consumers, public health professionals and government agencies of the potential health problems associated with obesity and inactive lifestyles represents a significant challenge to the Coca-Cola industry. The company has recognized that obesity is a complex public health problem. Their commitment to consumers begins with the company’s broad product line, which includes a wide selection of diet and light beverages, uices and juice drinks, sports drinks and water products. Coke has hot lot of sugar by which continuous drinking of Coca-Cola may cause health problems. Being addicted to Coca-Cola also is a health problem because drinking of it has an effect on your body after few years. Technological Analysis The effectiveness of company’s advertising, marketing and promotional programs. The e new technology of internet and tv which use specific effects for advertising through media. They make some products look attractive. This helps in selling of the products. This advertising makes the product attractive and is being used in media to sell their products. As the technology is getting advanced there has been introduction of new machineries all the time. Due to introduction of this machineries the production of the Coca-Cola company has increased tremendously then it was few years ago. A latest technical achievements made by the Coca-Cola Company was the new environmentally friendly version of the iconic â€Å"Coca-Cola† Contour bottle which has won number of awards for its light weight. Environmental Analysis The Coca-Cola system’s environmental commitments are focused on the areas in which they have the most significant opportunities to make a difference – water stewardship, sustainable packaging and energy management and climate protection. In 2007, the company used approximately 300 billion liters of water in their plants to produce beverages. To meet their water needs while helping to conserve watersheds and improve community water access; water stewardship leads the list of the companies’ sustainability efforts. In 2007, Coca-Cola announced their aspirational goal to return to communities and nature, an amount of water equal to what is used in the company’s beverages and their production. Coca-Cola calls this water neutrality. Coca-Cola vision is to advance a packaging framework in which their packaging is no longer seen as waste, but instead as a valuable resource for future use. To realize this zero waste vision, they have been guided by a commitment to continuous improvement. They continues to make strides by advancing packaging initiatives focus on reduce, recover and reuse. They invested in designing and producing sustainable fashion apparel made from recycled PET bottles too. Legal Changes Analysis Marketing decisions are strongly affected by developments in the political and legal environment. This environment is composed of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals. Sometimes these laws also create new opportunities for business. Here are some legal affairs that Coca-Cola had to face recently: The European Commission has alerted EU member countries to ban Coca-Cola drinks because of recent poisoning of 100 children in Belgium and cause seems to be the wrong carbon dioxide which was used in the soft drinks. In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) a non-governmental organization, said Coca-Cola contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyifos – pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system.

The Contrapasso in Dantes Inferno.

The Contrapasso in Dantes Inferno. The Contrapasso in Dante's InfernoCircle of the MalevolentAs we enter, I immediately felt ill from the humidity and indispictable odour of burnt flesh that fills the air. The walls and grounds are covered with big pearls, dripping with a thick substance of the colour red. With a further glance, I realize each pearl has a dark circle on its surface and these are eyeballs. An endless line of naked sinners stand close by along the circular path. There standing infront of the line is a great heinous monster, with two large horns on the crown of its head replacing the ears, huge round eyes, a lion's mouth and beasty paws with nails atleast ten inches in length.I notice something perculiar in this circle, and I ask Virgil, "Why is it that the sinners are oddly silent here?" And he does not answer my question, but replies, "Let's continue and see what Leeca does to the sinners."Porque sin miz no hay paysWe approach the line and I see the great beast stabbing the throat of a sinner with a si ngle nail from his left claw. The nail pokes through the back of the sinner's neck, then Leeca pulls it out and stabs the eyes with two nails from the right claw, leaving with only empty sockets. The sinner is grabbed by the bleeding neck, and thrown into the large pit located at the center of the circular path.I sensed the need to vomit and I watched the sinners pushing one another down to the bottom of the pit in order to dig themselves up to the surface. A numerous number of blacks crows drifts the air on top of the pit and pecks the empty eye sockets of those sinners who manage to crawl to the top. The sinner sinks...

Causes Of Teen Depression essays

Causes Of Teen Depression essays According to Focus Adolescent Services, depressive ailment in children and teenagers is defined as an illness when the feeling of sadness, hopelessness, and despair persist and interfere with a child or an adolescents ability to function. Depression can describe a normal human emotion; it also is referred to as a mental illness. There are many factors that contribute to depression in teens such as: having and making friends, separation or divorce of parents, and death of a loved one. Peer relationships contribute significantly to social and cognitive development. In reality, the single best childhood is not receiving good grades, and not classroom behavior, but rather, the ability to get along with another child. Children that are mainly disliked, who are aggressive and disruptive, who are unable to maintain close relationships with other children, and who cannot establish a place for themselves in the peer culture are more susceptible to depression. Teens without friends tend to be more lonely and unhappy. They have lower levels of academic achievement and develop low self-esteem. As the teens get older, they are more apt to drop out and become involved in delinquent activities such as drinking alcohol, smoking marijuana, and rebelling against authority. Another factor, which contributes to depression, is the divorce of parents. Divorce is a difficult adjustment for adolescents and adults. For adolescents, the transition is most difficult because there are both physical and emotional changes. Adolescents struggle with what Erikson calls, Identity vs. Role confusion (puberty to adulthood). This crisis is already difficult and divorce creates an added burden. Divorce threatens the security the adolescent depends on to leave home and separate from their parents. They often have two different reactions; hey either feel they have to grow up quickly and leave home or they dont grow up at all and stay ...

Case Study - Reading Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

- Reading - Case Study Example The world mostly looks upon the kindergarten teacher to ensure kids have acquired the rightful skills in each stage of development. Failure to achieve this development milestone in learning calls for intervention by the teacher to assist in ensuring the student catches up with the rest (Paulsen, 2010). As a kindergarten teacher in charge of Jeff, aged 5.9 years in grade K, I realized he was a quit a hardworking boy though he was lagging behind in reading skills compared to his peers. Jeff participated in all class activities and mastered most kindergarten skills involving math skills, art and hand-on activities. I identified his strengths as being able to identify and matching lower and upper case letters, understanding the meaning print convey, plus being able to listen and participate in reading sessions. After meeting with the parents and discussing his problem with them, I had to come up with goals and strategies that might be beneficial to being Jeff improve his reading skills ( Paulsen, 2010). The following four goals were the ones I managed to come with to ensure Jeff catches up on his reading skills. Given a book, Jeff will read fluently In reading books and print, Jeff will understand concepts in them After reading books and print, Jeff will engage in talk about them Jeff will pretend to read while using the book’s language. ... This strategy is often advantageous for a student like Jeff who has reading difficulties (Paulsen, 2010). The teacher is always present to ensure the student achieves the given goal. The teacher here will point on certain words and sentences and until Jeff is able to read fluently. This strategy allows for constant repetition until when Jeff improves on his reading skills (Paulsen, 2010). Repeated reading is another strategy that can be employed to ensure Jeff develops his reading skills. In repeated strategy, the student is made to repeat sentences, and certain words in order to achieve fluency. The student is made to repeat the same sentences and words so as to become more familiar with them and remove the reading difficulties he had (Paulsen, 2010). This could be achieved through partner reading. This is when classmates are paired so as to practice reading in pairs. Another way when repeated reading could be initiated is through group reading. Here, a group of students is made to read a given sentence or story collectively (Paulsen, 2010). Another strategy that could be employed to help Jeff improve is peer tutoring. Here, Jeff could be encouraged to practice reading with other students who are good in reading (Paulsen, 2010). Jeff could be placed with his peers and left alone to practice reading. In peer tutoring, a student is able to receive encouragement from his peers and try to achieve the reading level the other students had attained. Jeff on seeing his peers, will most likely feel more encourage since he can interact with them too, and help him build his confidence in reading (Paulsen, 2010). This could be done through cross-age peer tutoring that entails older students tutoring young students. Young students often

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Political science - Essay Example It can also be said to have been a mother’s attempt to protest against the racism in the south and a bid to appeal for justice for her son. The media all over the world spread the news of Emmett’s death and this ensured that the story became quite common not only at the local level but also at the international level. The injustice of this story is that an all-Caucasian jury acquitted those who had committed this heinous crime and as a result, there was no justice for Emmett Till. It is indirectly because of this incident that the civil rights movement came to develop and it can be said that it is due to Emmett’s sacrifice that this movement developed in strength. African Americans have for a long time been depicted in a negative light in which they have been presented in a way that has made them to be considered a race of criminals, or worse, animals. African Americans, for instance, are portrayed as being some of the most violent people in the United States, an d this has created a stereotype where all African Americans are often profiled as being potential criminals, an allegation which does not hold any truth in the reality of this nation. In addition, the view of African Americans in American society has been influenced by the long history of racial relations in the United States where the Caucasian dominated hierarchy tended to look down upon it. In addition, because of the unconscious Caucasian belief that African Americans are inferior, this has formed a mentality where individuals look upon this minority group as being the enemy of the public. It is a fact that the presentation of African Americans by the media has to be brought under control because at the moment, it has developed into a fierce social problem that has to be dealt with firmly. This is because of the fact that the development of equal rights for all human beings has become a fundamental aspect of human lie and to deny African Americans their own would be to go agains t the ideals of the society. One of the most noteworthy cases that have raised the same emotions as that of Emmett Till that have developed in the current world is the Zimmerman case which, through the media, has gained the attention of people not only in America but also the entire world. Almost the same events, which took place in the Emmett case recurred in the Trayvon Martin, case where the jury despite the fact that he had murdered an innocent African American teenager freed the perpetrator, Zimmerman. One of the issues that have been given prominence by the most of the individuals following this case has been the fact that this is not the first time that such a crime has been committed in the United States and the murderer has gotten away with it. Despite this being the situation, it can be said that these cases tend to be made more prominent than normal by the media. This has ensured that many of the people in the world have come to the realization that despite the developmen t of Affirmative action, the racial situation in the United States has remained more or less the same. In addition, this situation has also developed into a negative one because of the media’s tendency to sensationalize the news concerning the murders of such African American individuals such as Emmett Till and this has made it difficult for juries to provide justice because of the racial tensions that come about as a result. Therefore, instead of coming up with solutions

The legality of downloading mp3 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The legality of downloading mp3 - Research Paper Example There are many contradictory opinions on this subject, and the fact that day by day the number of illegal mp3 downloads grows just makes the matter more and more actual and painful for the people whose work is being stolen. Transmitting mp3 files over the Internet has become by far the most popular method of distribution, generating in this way controversial and intense debates. This subject has been chosen for the research paper not only due to the indisputable popularity of the illegal actions, but also because of the fact that most of us have at least once downloaded the music we like by using these illegal sites, even if we are aware that it was wrong. Nevertheless, â€Å"the law enforcement community in the twenty-first century seems to have finally awakened to the fact that ...computers are here to stay†1 and something must be done in order to solve this problem as efficiently as possible. The term paper will be focused on revealing the essence of the growing popularity of illegal mp3 downloads, the legal matters that arise from these actions and come up with some recommendations on combating this phenomenon. The author will focus both on the national Canadian context, as well as on the international one, pointing out the main differences and similarities and analyzing them. The paper will be finished with the conclusions, where the personal opinion of the author is expressed, as well as some recommendations, which, in the author’s opinion, could improve the statistics. It is not possible to talk about illegal mp3 downloads in Canada, where downloading music from peer-to-peer networks is legal, uploading it being against the law. â€Å"Canada has a private copying levy, which grants the right to make personal, non-commercial copies of sound recordings. Canada has imposed levies (fees) on recording mediums like blank CDs and similar items. These levies are used to fund musicians and

Nuclear Energy Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Energy Essay An Argumentative Essay â€Å"Use of Nuclear Energy: Safe or Not?† 23 Aug Most countries today are becoming more and more dependent on nuclear power as a source of energy because of its high energy output and the availability of uranium used for fuelling nuclear reactors that generate power to provide electricity in households. Although using nuclear power as a source of energy has benefits like this, the danger posed by using nuclear power is very eminent. This was demonstrated in the recent Fukushima daiichi nuclear reactor crisis wherein the reactors as of March 24, 2011 at Fukushima emitted 30,000 to 110,000 TBq of Iodine 131 much higher compared to Chernobyl’s 760 PBq or 400 kg of I-131, 85 PBq Cs-137 (Shimbun, 2011). Another widely known nuclear reactor accident was the Chernobyl disaster that occurred on April 26, 1986 (Black, 2011). Threats not only exists in accidents like the ones mentioned, but also threats exists not only from terrorists but also from other countries who have acquired or made nuclear weapons. An all out war will probably see the use of nuclear weapons against each nation’s enemy resulting in a nuclear holocaust. Millions of people will die not only from the initial explosions of the nuclear bombs but also from the following nuclear fallout that will cause widespread radiation sickness. A German study showed that there is a statistically significant increase solid cancers (54%), and in leukemia (76%) in children aged less than 5 within 5 km of 15 German nuclear power plant sites (Fairlie, 2009). Use of nuclear energy has two advantages over fossil-fuel plants. (1) Nuclear reactors use less fuel than a fossil-fuel plant to generate the same amount of energy a fossil-fuel plant generates. The fissioning of 1 metric ton of uranium fuel provides the same amount of heat energy as burning of 3 million metric tons of coal or 12 million barrels of oil. (2) Uranium, unlike fossil fuels, does not produce chemical or solid pollutants that are released into the air. (World Book Encyclopedia, 1996). The trade-off is that (1) nuclear plants costs more to build than fossil-fuel plants. (2) Nuclear plants are potentially hazardous. In order for a nuclear plant to be built, it first has to pass several government requirements that a fossil-fuel plant does not have to meet. Nuclear plants must pass government tests before a certain nuclear plant maybe deemed safe to start operation. In addition to that  there have been already many serious accidents involving nuclear plants like the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster in 1986 and the more recent Fukushima daiichi plant in Japan that has already reached a certain level of severity making it as much or more disastrous that the Chernobyl accident causing widespread opposition against the building of more nuclear plants. (3) Uranium that is used for continues to emit radiation long after it has been used up posing dangers to any community close to the nuclear plants. Although experts argue that nuclear power should be used as a source of energy because it is a clean source of energy and does not produce any chemical or solid pollutants, the uranium that is used in fuelling the nuclear plants still remains radioactive and can still harm the surrounding community. To make it worse, the problem of nuclear waste disposal has not yet been solved. A number of solutions have been proposed like geological disposal wherein th e radioactive waste is buried 500 to 1000 meters below the ground or the more complicated and costly space disposal of nuclear wastes. The latter being too costly because of the technology needed to be developed and financed to efficiently dispose the wastes. Proponents of the use of nuclear energy as a source of energy state that nuclear energy is the safest energy option. This, however, is contradicted and is shown to be questionable by the past nuclear plant accidents. Also, uranium, the source needed to power a nuclear plant to generate electricity itself is dangerous. The threat of nuclear terrorism also exists as terrorists can use radioactive nuclear wastes in building nuclear weapons for self-interests which in turn can cause a nuclear war that has the potential to wipeout the human race from the face of the earth. Summarizing and analysis of the pros and cons of the use of nuclear power, we can see that the sinister consequences of the decision to use nuclear power far outweigh the advantages of using such sources of energy. Continued use of nuclear power could lead to more severe types of accidents with ef fects that can not be irreversible. Countries world wide should research on better and safer sources of energy rather than risking the lives of millions of people just to generate the energy needed to supply our daily energy requirements.

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi

The Leadership Of Sonia Gandhi Leadership is an influencing process between the leader and the followers which can be achieved by organization objectives through change. There is no universal definition for a Leadership, it is complex; it can be studied in different situation. For this assignment I have chosen a Sonia Gandhi as my leader, The world known as Sonia Gandhi born on 9th December1946 as an Edvige Antonia Albina Maino at Lusiana,Italy and grew up as older daughter of her parents. She live a normal life in a Lusiana in roman catholic family and attended a catholic school (BBC News, 2009[1]).Her story started when their parents send her for study English at the Bell educational trust language school in the city of Cambridge where she meet Rajiv Gandhi in a Greek restaurant in 1965 (Glen Owen and Nick Meo, 2004[8]), where she was working and they fall in love at first sight. Rajiv Gandhi was enrolled as an engineering student at Trinity College at university of Cambridge. According to Peter Popham, 1999[4], against her father objection she went to India and got married in 1968 and move to her mother-in-law house Indira Gandhi who was consider as The First Lady in India. As her husband does not have any hunger for the politics but the accidental killing of his brother sucked into the politics in the year 1980 an d the killing of his mother bring him in the highest office in 1984. Sonia Gandhi never wanted her husband in the politics but the vortex bring Rajiv in the politics, the reason for her oppose was that she fears that her husband will be killed same her mother had been. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991 stays her away from the politics in spite of so many requests from the congress party member. According to Christopher Thomas, 1991[7], after her husband death in 1991 she made herself away from the Indian politics but in spite of request by the congress leader she refuse to stay away from the Indian politics. The request of the party member to join Sonia Gandhi to congress was as they believe that she can romp the power on the base of sympathy, and the party will plaster her image to get the sympathy vote from the people of India. According to Christopher Thomas, 1991[8] her husband was not also a natural politician, but a polite, shy personality but acts he was a reluctant t ouch barer for his party and after his death his wife Sonia Gandhi was offered that touch to enlightens who never have any interest in politics nor attempted to act as a welding any political powers. According to Daniel Lak, 1998[5] Sonia Gandhi joined congress party in 1998 because the unity was under threat and the resignation from many of the senior congress leaders from the past years. She started her political career in 1998 from the same place where her husband was killed Sriperumbudur a palace near Tamil Nadu (Now Chennai) in India. According to Peter Phoham, 2004[6] during her maiden speech in 1999 election she readout her speech partly in English and party in Hindi .The election was disastrous for the congress party not due to the lackluster new leader but due to the congress worn out its image due to the corruption scandals, sharing of power internally and too arrogant to share the power with the smaller parties in the past which results again lost for congress party in th e general election 1999 ,(Associated Press,1999[10]).Some of the senior member blaming her Italian origin for one of the cause of party defeat in the election of 1999,a uprising situation within her party. After the defeat of 1999 general election and the rebellion against her in her party boost her and she was listening of her inner voice. Her next planning was to restore the unity and harmony in the party, she started working strategically with the party member for the next election and the entry of her son in the politics boosts her strength. She never thinks to become a prime minister but to strength the inner structure of the party. (Luke Harding, 2000[9]) the entry of Sonia Gandhi and the defeat of congress party in 1999 election critics Sonia Gandhi leadership qualities, many of the party member do not have a trust on the new leader and they alliances with the rival party. They believe that she might imitate like Indira Gandhi which was consider as an authoritarian style of l eadership. According to Mark Ellis, 2004[24] During the 2004 Election her tireless campaigning and due to her believe in her party attract crowds toward herself campaigning on the basic issue of water, electricity and sanitary and also made herself popular help to win the general election of 2004, according to Stephen khan, 2004[12] she turn down from the post of first lady after a tremendous win on the general election of 2004 and in spite of the requested by the party member she leave side the thrown ,after congress party selected Dr. Manmohan Singh as a Prime Minister of India in 2004.According to Michael Sheridan,2005[25] Dr. Manmohan Singh is a brilliant economic reformer but the actual control was in the hand of Sonia Gandhi, Mr. Singh plan to open the Indian rigid economy but the control button in the hand of stalwarts Sonia Gandhi. Mr. Singh Proposed privatization but she vetoed them, there are some rivalries but both communicate with each other with complete understanding. Now her target was to win the general election of 2009, This time she introduce so many grandstand scheme for the poor people which includes the debt waiver for thirty million poor farmers, a massive job creation scheme for the rural unemployed peoples, According to Jeremy Page, 2008[26] the 225 million pound project of railway carriage which can generate a ten thousand job opportunities for the rural peoples. The congress was talking about the welfare for the poor people but UPA Government led by Sonia Gandhi and the Mr. Singh also was watching the inflation rose. In the Year 2008 the inflation has rose to 7.8 % it was the major alarm for the government. The Reserve Bank of India has a comfort level of 5 % (Financial Times, 2008[27]) the solution for this is not lies on the short term monetary policies but for the long term promote for agriculture productivities, energy efficiencies and the restructure for the transport systems, meantime Congress under the leadership of Sonia Gandh i to stop their rival opposition BJP party not to gain momentum. After above all analyses the situation the question arises that what is her leadership capabilities to stay in so long in a power and managed to be the most powerful women of the world at Forbes 2009 list. (Heidi Brown, 2009[31]) Key Capabilities of Sonia Gandhi: In order to analyze the key capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, we need to analyze how effective she is? In order to answer this question we need to find the key capabilities which made her effective leader from 1999 onwards in Indian politics. According to Len Sperry, 2002 [28] Effective leaders are those which are more concern for the needs of their organization and their community beyond their own needs. They are more concern for balancing personal development for their follower and themselves. According to Kouzes and Posner, 2007[29] a exemplary leader are those which clarify the values, set examples, leads by example, envision the future, search for opportunities, experiment and take risk, create the climate of trust, strengths their followers, recognize contributions and celebrate the values and victories. They create the climate to turn opportunities into success. According to Fielder and Chemers,1974[30] analyze the performance of a leader in the situations in which they lead.They develop a frame work based on contingency theory in which leadership style are described as task motivated those concern with reaching a goal and Relationship Motivated those concern with developing close interpersonal relationship. According to Christopher Early and Elaine Mosakowski, 2004, analyze the cultural intelligence in which a person understand the other person culture and later adjust accordingly. There are three sources for it cognitive, physical, and emotional. The person those are motivated, alert toward the problems and poised to understand can able to attain the acceptable Cultural intelligent. Now I am going to analyze the strength and the weakness of Sonia Gandhi: Leadership Strength of Sonia Gandhi: Sonia Gandhi definitely a transactional leader style, when she joins the congress party there was lack of leadership. Ability to Learn from her mistake, the major defeat by their opposition in election of 1999 thats allow her to learn her mistakes and help her party members to win the general election in 2004 and 2009.The Mistake which she meet in the electoral of 1999 by standing herself as a prime minister candidates in an anti Hindu nationalist.(Ray Marceleno,2003[11]) Sonia Gandhi is a Christian and to succeed Hindu dominated country like India she response with circumspection and cunning by pilgrimage to Hindu sites.(The Independent, The (London, England)/Financial Times,1999[2]) Power and Position is not the aim for her. After the astonishing victory in 2004,she turn down as a prime minister.(Stephen Khan,2004[12]) Sonia Gandhi is more courageous Torchbearer in the Nehru dynasty. Build the Party Image, after astonishing Victory twice in Indian History; she is indirectly serving the country. (James Lamount, 2009[13]). Sonia Gandhi was the architecture for the congress party help to win the election in 2004.She motivates demoralized party into a compiling zeal and defeats the Hindu nationalist party in the general election.(James Lamont,2008[14]) She has a good Communication skills, a person mould herself from Italian origin to Indian land is one of the difficult task, as meeting with a people in village where Hindi is the only source of language and she work on her language skills and win the election twice. She has a good negotiating skills, After the general election of 2004,she negotiated with the secular parties in order to conciliate the secular front to successfully formed the government.(Irish Times,2004[15]) She has very hard working person, her tireless Champaign in the sweltering heat for her party, and the wining in the election proves that she is not a handicap in spite of others believe in her Italian Heritage.(David Orr,2004[19]) The selection of Dr.Manmohan Singh for the second time in 2009 as a prime minister candidate without any internal debates indicate her strength for power and control over the government.(Economist Intelligence Unit Views Wire News Analysis (England),2008[17]. Leadership Weakness of Sonia Gandhi: The is so many instance of Sonia Gandhi leadership weaknesses, one of the instance is that the entry of his son Rahul Gandhi in the Indian politics at one side he is a strength for her but on the other it create a feeling of nepotism which is a leadership weakness and all the party member is treating him as a future prime minister. Some time power and position control by others make so many wrong decision, She refuses the prime minister seat and put in place a her behest Dr.Manmohan Singh to the prime minister seat but indirectly controlling all the decision for the prime minister post. The nuclear deal between Indian and America is one of the good examples for this. (Economic Intelligence unit View Wire News Analysis (England), 2007[16]) The turn down from the prime minister post also indicate her weakness of fear to get assassinate, The mother in law and her husband those assassinated during their highest office in India. The fear to get assignation might be one of the reason to get down from the post of Prime minister.(Newsletter (Belfast, Northern Ireland),2004[18]) She pointed out so many problems and if government overcomes this entire problem can able to make better India, but till now government as not yet started to work on these projects. This shows that as a leader she identifies the problem with no solution. This is also one of her weakness.(Financial Times,2006[20]) Analysis of Leadership capabilities and style of Sonia Gandhi: To Analysis of different capabilities of Sonia Gandhi, first of all need to understand the characteristic of Her Leadership Style: She is more focus on a social cause. She is more dedicated to her Husband dream to build a modern India. She is dutiful toward the Congress party and especially depends on the party decision. When working alone she is more dedicated toward her husband cause and the Mother -in-law cause in her mind to her safety and agreement. Sonia Gandhi attributes transactional leadership style of Reward e.g. Many of the follower getting position in her ministry of government formation like Dr.Manmohan Singh as a Prime minister as two consecutive Period, P.Chitabaram as a Union Minister of Home Affair and many others get reward in term of position and money and punishments to them if they do not obey to them in terms of recent News of replacement of chief minister of Maharashtra Chhagan Bhujpal and Mr. Suresh Kalmadi CEO of Common Wealth Game. According to D.Golleman, 2001[23] Extraordinary leader has different way of directing their group, some of them are analytical, others are charismatic and can go with their gut. Their leadership type depends upon the situation. The effective leader has high degree of emotional intelligence. It is a kind of sin quo non for a leadership. The emotional intelligence not only distinguishes from extraordinary leader but also link to outstanding performance. Research also proves that the right approach can develop their emotional intelligent. Thus in order to analyze the Sonia Gandhi emotional intelligent with the five components at works are as follows: Self Awareness: This is the capabilities of a person for realistic self assessment. Sonia Gandhi has a high self awareness as she know that her Italian nationality will affect if she go for the prime minister post, it was also her self-awareness that she will be targeted like husband and her mother in-law if she will stay in the highest office. Self Regulation: This is the ability of self control. As Sonia Gandhi has a high self control as one of the reason for her success. There are many instances where her Italian birth created a problem but with her trustworthiness and integrity she architect the party situation and make strong in the general election for 2004 and 2009,And with the self control she make a place in the heart of all Indian and proves that she is loyal to the country and her party. Motivation: It is a passion beyond money and status to achieve success. Sonia Gandhi is highly motivated with her party, during the general election for 2004 she attended three to four companying in a day. When the future of the party was in danger she joins the party and her passion to success and believe in the people, analyze the basic problem which help party to win the election. Empathy: This is the ability to understand the emotion of the others people. In term of Sonia Gandhi this empathy is lacking somewhere, in spite of the party member request to become the Prime minister she listens to her inner voice. Social Skills: This is the ability of a person to make friendliness and pursue to move in their direction. It is building and leading a team. The above three component which includes self awareness, self regulation and motivation is all about the self managerial skills and the other two components of empathy and social skill is more about the peoples ability to manage the team. But the control of Sonia on the party is more than the social skills; it is more sense to say that it is a respect as a torchbearer of Nehru Dynasty in the party member than the friendliness which peruses them to achieve their objective. Conclusion: The above evidence of Sonia Gandhi leadership style conclude that some time situation can develop a leadership quality in spite it is not your birth palace, sometime the vortex can throw into the politics and you have to control it effectively. The same situation is with Sonia Gandhi in which she started as a leader for Congress, a country in which Hindi is the First language , A country which is dominated by the Hindus and a person of Christian origin, A country having a one of the complex democracy in the world, obligation on her Italian origin, The tragedy of assassination of her mother in-law and her husband when they are at their highest office of the country which was not an easy task but with her charismatic style she made it, The entry of her in the politics and disastrous lost of her party in that election, revolt against her in the party, believe of few of the party member that she might be imitate as a Indira Gandhi which was consider as a authoritarian style of leadership qualities, A lady which is treated as sphinx after the marriage till the death of her husband. In spite of so many difficulties, lack of experience, she was motivated with her husband dream and decided to not to give up so easily, she is able to manage and learn from the past mistake, effectively response with the situation and with her transactional leadership style she architects the Congress party and shows a new direction to the country with her leadership qualities. She proves herself as a true Indian. But the entry of her son one side boost her political career but same time it is a feeling of nepotism factor toward her son, also the nuclear deal with USA is one of her weakness which will affect the development of the country in future. According to Len Sperry, 2002 effective leader are those which can balance the personal development their followers and themselves. Effective leaders have a high degree of emotional intelligence of five components at works research by D.Golema n, 2001,Sonia Gandhi have high degree of self awareness, self regulation and motivation but she is lacking in empathy and social skills which is a very crucial for herself as a effective leadership. 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Marijuana Should be Legalized Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Medica

Marijuana Should be Legalized The legalization of marijuana is a subject that has been debated for many years. Marijuana should be legalized for medical use and it should be decriminalized for recreational use.By decriminalizing marijuana for recreational use, the penalty will no longer be jail time, but a simple fine if caught using it in public.Furthermore, marijuana offers many medical benefits to very ill patients.In short, the benefits of marijuana outweigh the drawbacks, especially for medical purposes, so it should be legalized.First, marijuana should be decriminalized for recreational use. Marijuana should be decriminalized for recreational use because it really is not that dangerous of a drug, and there are many people that smoke it responsibly.Responsible smoking, as outlined by the NORML Board of Directors, is defined to be: adults only; no driving; set and setting; resist abuse; and respect rights of others (http://www.norml.org/).The first two aspects of responsible smoking speak for themselves and require no explanation.With the third aspect, set and setting, set refers to a smoker’s, â€Å"values, attitudes, experiences, and personality.† (http://www.norml.org/).Setting refers to a consumer’s physical and social conditions (http://www.norml.org/).Resist abuse means that the, â€Å"Use of cannabis, to the extent that it impairs health, personal development or achievement, is abuse, to be resisted by responsible cannabis users.† (http://www.norml.org/).The final aspect, respect the rights of others, is rather straightforward.It means th at no smoker, no matter if they smoke marijuana or cigarettes, has the right to violate the rights of others around them (http://www.norml.org/).This also means that responsible smokers m... ...9 . 3. The Issues at Hand: Legalization of Marijuana. 15 Apr. 1996. The University of Michigan-Dearborn. 8 Dec. 1999 4. Legalization of Marijuana Long Overdue. 8 June 1993. Albuquerque Journal. 1 Dec. 1999 . 5. NORML Statement on the Medical Use of Marijuana. National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. 1 Dec. 1999 . 6. Rose, Joan. â€Å"Two More Steps Along the Road to Legalization.† Medical Economics (1999) 76.8: 28. 7. Sager, Ryan H. â€Å"Grass Roots.† National Review 51.21 (1999): 30-32. 8. Testimony of R. Keith Stroup, Esq. National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. 1 Dec. 1999 .

Home Cooked vs. Fast Food

Benjamin Blackburn Blackburn1 Professor Barnes English 111-16 11/19/2012 Home cooked: Health over Value Instead of putting money towards car or house payments, several thousands of dollars are spent on food purchased away from home in the average American family. The numbers are even more increasing to single status Americans. Don’t get me wrong, I like fast food, but it doesn’t come close to a home cooked meal.Home cooked meals are comfort foods that help a family bond. Whether it is a recipe passed down for generations, or culinary discovery made inventive genius, nothing beats a good home cooked meal with family. The main temptation to indulge in fast food is its convenience, especially during a busy work day or long road trips. With less prepare time, fast food chooses frozen foods that are shipped to location. Although there are food chains who advertise â€Å"fresh, never frozen†, these companies are not purchasing these â€Å"fresh† products from a local, reputable supplier.Adding to fast foods convenience, these chains have to take short cuts to deliver hot food, fast! Home cooked meals may not have a convenient drive-thru, but prepping fresh meats and vegetables the night before can alleviate long prep and cooking times. We all know that fast food sales for a reasonable price. Even when there is an increase in economy, they tend to remain at those prices in order to entice the customer. When some time Blackburn 2 passes, and things seem normal in economy, then they will increase prices slightly.It is my belief that fast food wants Americans to know they are suffering with them, therefore winning the people’s choice. Happy customers make for good business, with fewer complaints. Although home cooked meals seem much more expensive than McDonalds, health plays a bigger part. Having and growing a personal garden can cut these prices down to fractions that not even fast food can compare to, not to mention more nutritious. Belief in the value for a buck is not reason enough to set aside nutritional values.Most families put their trust in Betty Crocker and Stouffers from local grocery stores. These â€Å"convenience foods† are cheap alternatives to fast food but contain as much sugar, sodium, and saturated fat as eating out. Using fresh ingredients, you are more able to control the amount of harmful ingredients used in cooking. As a matter of opinion, you know what is being put in your meals. When looking at fast food from a health stand point, salads from McDonalds contain as many calories as their best-selling Big Mac when you add salad dressing.Although fast food offers health alternatives, they are not all as healthy as they seem. With America’s increase of obesity each year, home cooking is more nutritious and clean. Plus, the fact that you are able to spend quality time with family and friends. Coming from a single parent home, I was able to do homework at the kitchen table and as my mother helped me, she would also keep a close eye on the stove while preparing meals for me and my sister. Cooking is bonding time!Eating out felt like vacations when I was growing up. It was a reward for a tough week at school. We as Americans have become lazy, and are taking the easy way out far too often. Packing a healthy snack consisting of fruits and sandwiches made at home can Blackburn 3 prevent the craving for fast food while on a road trip. The same can also be applied to working lives. Home cooked meals are not just the healthy choice, they are the better choice.