Observational Learning of Violent Behavior Essay - 837 Words

Today violence has become an every day experience in life. Playing video games or turning on the television, and flipping through the channels at random, you will most likely stumble upon various forms of violence. Does it desensitize or help us tolerate violence? And the most controversial issue, does it cause violence? Most humans learn by simply watching, and then imitating the action rather than trial and error or direct experiences of the consequences of our actions (this is not to say that watching and imitating is the only way of learning). This method of learning is called observational learning. The highly recognized psychologist with observational learning is Albert Bandura. Bandura’s theory states that observational learning†¦show more content†¦The room was also equipped with a one-way window so the child could be observed without their acknowledgement. The experiment showed that the consequences in the films that the children observed in the ending, created a different outcome. The children who witnessed the film were the adult was rewarded was most likely to repeat or imitate the aggressive behavior toward the Bobo doll. In the situation of the other children who watched the adult being punished for their aggressive behavior, the children were less likely to recreate the aggressive behavior towards the Bobo doll. After the findings Bandura added to the experiment. The children who watched any of the three films were asked to recreate what the adult did in the film. Each imitation the child recreated correctly, they were rewarded with candy and stickers. Virtually all the children were capable of recreating all actions, aggressive or non-aggressive. The different variations of the films the children watched had no impact on them. In conclusion to Bandura’s experiment, you are capable of imitating any behavior, aggressive or non-aggressive, but you are more likely to imitate if there is expectation of any type of reward. Another experiment to study the effects of playing violent video games on aggressive behavior was created by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill. In this experiment there were two games chosen, Wolfenstein 3D, a violent video game in which your goalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media On Young Children1742 Words   |  7 Pages Observational Learning the Young Child Luciana D. Lavilaire Florida International University Prof. Marie Daurel - P. 1 Abstract This paper intends to bring awareness to the harmful effects of the media on young children. Through this paper, I will investigate the claim that television promotes observational learning. I will describe the obscenities the media exposes to children. With that, I will explain how the media causes aggression in consumers, especially those of youth. ThisRead MoreMedia Violence And Aggressive Behavior986 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia forms, many of which have high levels of violent content. Nowadays, just by clicking on the screen, children observe tons of news regarding to murders, beatings and sexual assaults. Eron and his colleagues conducted the research show that before finishing the elementary school, the child would have witnessed 8000 murders (Eron, 1993). Other media such as movies, video game, the Internet seems to be effective methods of informal observational learning and also correlate with youth exposed to violenceRead MoreSocial Psychological Theory of Aggression Essay5 95 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Psychological Theory of Aggression The social learning theory is learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in others. Although observational learning can take place at any stage in life, it is thought to be particularly important during childhood, particularly as authority becomes important. Because of this, social learning theory has influenced debates on the effect of television violence and parental role modelsRead MoreI m First Here About Ainslie Rachlin Model1337 Words   |  6 Pageschange. My final would be a great example to talk about when it comes to procrastination! Now, here I am doing my final on Wednesday night at 10:43 p.m. I’m first going to speak about Ainslie-Rachlin model and how if I had applied this model to my behavior, I wouldn’t be in this predicament right now. Ainslie-Rachlin: focuses on the fact that the preference between smaller sooner and larger later rewards can shift over time (Powell). With the Ainslie-Rachlin model, it’s described as the shift changeRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games991 Words   |  4 Pagesare always called into question, especially when it features violent or mature content. However, this debate has become even more centered on video games as â€Å"the shift toward gaming has resulted in a concomitant decrease in time spent watching television or movies† (Entertainment Software Association, 2015). In 2016, â€Å"shooter† videos games were the top grossing video games according to research firm NPD, this makes it evident that violent games appeal to gamers. The question everyone, especially parentsRead MoreBandura s Theory Of The Social Learning Theory952 Words   |  4 Pageswho is the creator of the social learning theory, suggest that individuals learn by examining others. Bandura’s theory is conceivably one of the most instrumental theory regarding learning and development. Bandura’s approach to the social learning theory is that we learn by observing and modeling the actions of those who are close to us. Bandura also suggested that our internal feelings and perceptions helps us to learn through our cognitive behavior. Social learning additionally shows that individualsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Social Learning Theory1339 Words   |  6 PagesAlbert Bandura a Canadian psychologist that was curious to know whether or not h umans learn through the actions of others (Berk, 2013, p.14). The social learning theory brings up the question whether, playing violent video games or watching violent films can provoke being violent. Charles Darwin a British naturalist observed an endless change among animal species and plants. He noticed, it’s impossible for an animal to be completely identical as another animal of the same species. Darwin found thatRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1232 Words   |  5 Pages2010 Exam 3 essay I. Stimulus control is the process where a stimulus increases the probability of a behavior by reinforcing the desired behavior in the presence of the stimulus. Throughout chapters eight and nine in â€Å"Learning and Behavior†, examples of Stimulus Control, and how one learns to Generalize and Discriminate in the real world are provided. Topics such as verbal behavior, self, animal training, and TV and violence are discussed. â€Å"The traditional view of language is that wordsRead MoreThe social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become one of the most influential2500 Words   |  10 PagesThe social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura has become one of the most influential theories of learning and behaviour. The theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as social learning theory or modeling, this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors. The social learning theory does not explain all learning and behaviour, it fails to account for biological and innate behaviours suchRead MoreThere Are Many Types Of Conditioning That People Used To1427 Words   |  6 Pagesoperant conditioning. And the last type of conditioning is vicarious conditioning / Observational Learning. These are the 3 main types of conditioning that we use in are daily life. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is one of the most basic forms of learning that we use today. You can see it being used in things like pet training to teaching kids how to do something. The term classical conditioning means â€Å"learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex –like response to a stimulus other than the

A Crisis of Faith in Salvation, by Langston Hughes and...

In ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ by Langston Hughes and ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ by Nathaniel Hawthorne there is a crisis of faith was present in both stories. Although both of the stories are very similar, they also are very different, too. In both stories, the main character experiences a loss of innocence through a faith crisis. The outcome of the loss of innocence in ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ was both positive and negative and in ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ entirely negative. The faith crisis affected the way Goodman Brown and Langston reacted to their experience. The crisis of faith in ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ and ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ was due to the outcome and the factors that influence the loss of innocence. In ï ¿ ½Young Goodman Brownï ¿ ½ the loss of innocence was due to the†¦show more content†¦Goodman Brown realizes ï ¿ ½There is no good on earth; and sin is but name. Come, devil; for to thee is the world givenï ¿ ½ (Hawthorne 167). In contrary to Young Goodman Brown, the lost of innocence in ï ¿ ½Salvationï ¿ ½ was due to the loss of faith and social pressures. Langston was pressured into being saved by his aunt because she felt it was the right thing for young Langston to do, and all the other young children were being saved. Langston aunt told him, ï ¿ ½when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on!ï ¿ ½ (Hughes 330). He believes his aunt and most of all he wanted to see the light All the young people, but Langston and Westley, in the church went to the alter to be saved. After unsuccessful waiting and hoping to see Jesus, Westley pretended to see the light, went to the alter, got save, leaving poor Langston alone. Langston decided after the congregation sung and prayed for him over and over, that he would pretend to have seen the light and go get saved. With good intention, ï ¿ ½ I [Langston] decided that maybe to save further tr ouble, Iï ¿ ½d lie, too, and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be savedï ¿ ½ (Hughes 331). He thought that no one would ever know. He pretended to see the light and was saved. Later, that night he began to cry while lying in his bed. His aunt thought it was because he had seen Jesus. In

English Pronoun Chart and Exercises Free Essays

Subject Pronouns – I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they- function as the subject of a sentence: I live in New York. Do you like playing tennis? He doesn’t want to come this evening Object Pronouns – me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them- serve as the object of a verb. Give me the book. We will write a custom essay sample on English Pronoun Chart and Exercises or any similar topic only for you Order Now He told you to come tonight. She asked him to help. Possessive Pronouns – mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs- show that something belongs to someone. Note that the possessive pronouns are similar to possessive adjectives (my, his, her). The difference is that the object follows the possessive adjective but does not follow the possessive pronoun.For example – Possessive Pronoun: That book is mine. – Possessive Adjective: That is my book. That house is mine. This is hers. those seats are yours Demonstrative Pronouns – this, that, these, those refer to things. ‘this’ and ‘these’ refer to something that is near. ‘that’ and ‘those’ refer to things that are farther away. This is my house. That is our car . These are my colleagues . Those are beautiful flowers. A. __Use the correct personal pronouns.Watch the words in brackets. Example: ___ often reads books. (Lisa) Answer: She often reads books. 1) ___is dreaming. (George) 2) ___ is green. (the blackboard) ) ___ are on the wall. (the posters) 4) ___ is running. (the dog) 5) ___are watching TV. (my mother and I) 6) ___ are in the garden. (the flowers) 7) ___ is riding his bike. (Tom) 8) ___ is from Bristol. (Victoria) 9) ___has got a brother. (Diana) 10) Have___ got a computer, Mandy? B. __Choose the correct objective pronouns . Example: I have got a sister. ___ name is Susan. Answer: I have got a sister. Her name is Susan. Hi Daniel, ___ name is John. This is ___ friend Jason. He’s 12. ___sister is nine. ___ pet is a budgie. ___name is Dickens. Jason and I go to the same school. There are 450 boys and girls in ___ school.Jason’s form teacher is Mrs. Peterson. She has got a pet, too. ___pet is a tortoise. Our form teacher is Mr. Smith. I like ___lessons. He has two dogs. The dogs love to play in ___ garden. Now I have a question for you. What’s ___ pet? Yours, John C. __Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns. This book is (you) . The ball is (I) . The blue car is (we) . The ring is (she) . We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) . The luggage is (he) . The pictures are (she) . In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) . This cat is (we) . This was not my fault. It was (you) . How to cite English Pronoun Chart and Exercises, Papers

Here I Stand Book Review free essay sample

The content of this paper is a review of the book on the life of Martin Luther written by Roland H. Bainton entitled Here I Stand. Bainton describes the life of this humble Augustinian monk who revolutionized religion unintentionally. In his text, Bainton provides a vivid portrayal of the historical settings, supporting characters, and the events that shaped the Reformation movement of the sixteenth century. As a biographer, he does not create a character that is flawless or larger than life; rather, he accurately portrays a man that changed the world in the midst of self-doubt and inner struggles within his own spiritual and personal life. Bainton quotes Luther, â€Å"Faith is a living, restless thing. It cannot be inoperative. We are not saved by works; but if there be no works, there must be something amiss with faith. † Luther’s reformation works began as an innocent objection to the evils as he perceived them in the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy when he nailed those objections; the now infamous Ninety-Five Thesis, to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany. We will write a custom essay sample on Here I Stand Book Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The resultant fervor propelled this monumental figure to the forefront of what would become known as the Reformation. Bainton paints the life and times of Luther vividly as being complex, tumultuous, and at times even transitioning from horror to humor. The first part of the book deals with Luther’s days as a university student turned monk after his encounter with a bolt of lightning. Bainton chronologically weaves a tapestry of Luther’s personal crisis of faith, his tormented bouts of depression and psychotic taunts with demonic forces. The latter half of the book is devoted to the development of his theology that ultimately leads him to break from Rome. Bainton states of Luther, â€Å"A loyal son of the Catholic Church, he was later to shatter the structure of medieval Catholicism. A devoted servant of the pope, he was later to identify the popes with Antichrist. † The process that led to Luther’s development of his theology Bainton describes as gradual. He describes it as an inner storm, an upheaval not unlike the first storm that drove Luther to monasticism in the first place. One vendor of indulgences that particularly irritated Luther was the Dominican Tetzel. He was quoted to have said concerning his indulgences that they had the power, â€Å"†¦[to] absolve a man even if he had violated the mother of God. † Tetzel’s clamor was, â€Å"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. † Luther penned his ninety-five theses and other books and tracts soon followed condemning the practices of the Roman church. Bainton recounts the contents of these writings and the subsequent rebuttals and edicts issued from the church that led to a back and forth between the church and the German state as to who would actually deal with Luther, this led to the Diet of Worms. It was at this hearing that Luther was asked to recant his writings to which he replied after some delay, â€Å"†¦I cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen† Bainton adds that to these words were added when printed, â€Å"Here I stand, I cannot do otherwise. † Bainton uses the remainder of the book covering Luther’s exile, his subsequent ministry, and aspects of his personal life including his marriage. If there were a downside to the text it would be the brevity with which Bainton dealt with Luther’s treatment of the Anabaptists and the Jews. This era of Luther’s life was controversial and Bainton touches on it with almost the air of avoiding criticism. Luther in later years is quoted as saying, â€Å"The true Christian pilgrimage is not to Rome or Compostela, but to the prophets, the Psalms, and the Gospels. † This book depicts a man who was used of God to reform the church to the Word of God alone, to faith alone in Christ, by grace alone.